DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRICAL GRIDS SERIES

Even though, these types of circuit faults can be accepted for a long time as compared with short circuit type faults, because these faults must be detached to decrease the high damage.

In particular, a portion of the network, when the voltage is exceeded beyond normal values then it causes insulation failures and develops short circuit faults.

These faults may danger to animals as well as human beings.

Electrical power system irregular operation.

The effects of open circuit faults include the following. These faults can be caused because of the circuit malfunctioning as well as broken conductor in 1- phase or more phases. These faults are categorized into three types like following.

Therefore, 1-phase & 2-phase open conditions can generate currents and voltages of the power system that causes huge damage to the apparatus. In other transmission cables, this over speed can cause overvoltages. In the transmission line, if any one of the phases gets dissolved then an alternator’s actual loading can be decreased & increases the acceleration of the alternator, so it works at a speed somewhat higher than the synchronous speed.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRICAL GRIDS SERIES

These faults are also known as series faults which are unbalanced types otherwise unsymmetrical types apart from 3-phase open fault.įor instance, a transmission line works through a balanced load before an open fault circuit occurs. These faults mainly occur because of common issues like failure of joints in overhead lines, cables, failure in the phase of a circuit breaker, melting of conductor or fuse within one phase or more phases. This circuit is for 1-phase, 2- phases, and 3-phases open condition.

The open-circuit faults diagram is shown below. The open-circuit faults mainly occur because of the malfunction of one otherwise more conductors used in the power system. So, there is a 10% probability for faults. In this kind of fault, both the two lines get in touch with each other through the ground. So, 15 – 20% of the faults can occur approximately.

So the line conductors can be moved because of heavy wind, they may touch with each other and causes short-circuit. This L– L fault mainly occurs once two conductors are short-circuited and also due to heavy wind. So around 70 to 80 % of the fault within the power system is the single L – G fault. This single L – G fault mainly occurs once a single conductor falls toward the ground terminal. The unsymmetrical faults are classified into two types These are more difficult to analyze and are carried by per phase basis similar to three-phase balanced faults. The Unbalance of the system means that that impedance values are different in each phase causing unbalance current to flow in the phases. These are also called unbalanced faults since their occurrence causes unbalance in the system. The line to line faults occurs when two conductors make contact with each other mainly while swinging of lines due to winds and 5- 10 percent of the faults are of this type. 15 to 20 percent of faults are double line to ground and causes the two conductors to make contact with the ground. It causes the conductor to make contact with the earth or ground.

Different types of electrical grids